methods of teaching
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Teaching
Alber Einstein (1879-1950) defines teaching as a supreme art of awakening joy in creative expression and knowledge.
Education
Ghandhi Mk (1869-1948) defined education as “an all round drawing out of the best in the child and man body, mind and spirit.
Therefore, the school as an agent of socialization should aim at producing an all round education.
The education that aims at producing well balanced personalities, culturally defined, emotionally stable, socially efficient, spiritually upright and vocationally self sufficient.
To achieve this, a teacher has to employ the following strategies.
1. Enlarge the concept of education from 3RS to 7RS.
The teacher should include the 7RS that is, reading, writing, arithmetic, rights, Responsibilities, Relationships and Recreation a requirement for and ideal for a modern democratic state. This helps in Moral, Discipline and Personality development of the bearers.
2. Meeting Individual differences
Children have different interests and abilities. All children cannot be motivated alike for all the lessons at a time. Therefore, it is a duty of the teacher to discover individual interests and capabilities of the children in his charge for effective teaching and Management.
3. Socialization of children through group dynamics
Since man is not an island, create a situation in class where learners discuss freely and learn from one another. Pupils are adventurous, discoverers, explorers and inquisitive.
Ghandi MK (1869 – 1948) fully realized that nature has endowed children with tremendous vitality. They have with them springs of joy and vigor, they have God given curiosity: the wish to know things for themselves. Therefore these powers for discovery, exploration, inquiry, do not suppress them.
4. Diversified curriculum with subjects and activities.
There should be activities for a child in all curriculum area. Passiveness on the part of the child implies that he is not good physically and mentally.
5. Involve students in some aspects of school/class administration for example class monitors, prefects. This helps to develop their leadership skills.
6. Compensatory education for weak learners
The teacher should design extra work inform of compensation for weak learners and extra work for gifted ones.
7. Parental and Community Involvement
Since learning is more than an individual activity, social agencies like family, church, film, resourceful persons, and playmates have a tremendous influence on the child. Therefore, a teacher can employ this strategy for effective classroom teaching.
8. Reward and Punishments
Rewards whether material or symbolic and psychological enhance and satisfy a child’s safety, belonging and esteem needs. These are used to recognize good work and refute unwanted behaviour in class.
9. Competition and cooperation
Competition can be at group levels and it makes it possible to spread the share of success or failure.
Cooperation also provides motivation since it provides social situations to learners why they find satisfaction of their acceptance and belonging needs.
10. Novelty
The striving towards self-actualization makes pupils search for new and different field trips, excursions, and dramatics, sports, literacy activities, satisfy pupils’ needs for self actualization. Therefore, a teacher has to provide these opportunities.
11. Use of Aids
Relevant aids if used judiciously are very helpful in the development of motivation among the learners.
12. Stimulus variation by the teacher
We note that children are not able to attend to one thing for a long time, therefore, the effectiveness of the teaching – learning process in such situation depends on the great stimulus variation used by the teacher. This can be Teacher’s movement, speech pattern, teacher’s gestures among others.
13. Attractive physical and environmental conditions
The teacher should attend to the physical conditions of the classroom, noise, strong light, abnormal temperature also disturbs and monotony creates boredom.
Therefore, rooms should be ventilated and tastefully decorated and cleanliness should be stressed.
14. Educational and Vocational guidance
This is vital in order to identify children with special talents and direct them towards what they can perform best.
15. Variation of Method
Methods, techniques and devices should be adopted to local situations and considered servants and not masters. Vary your methods to eliminate boredom in class and so as to cater for individual differences.
16. Exposing Children to new technology
We live in a good village; children should be exposed to the new methods, techniques and technology for instance computers, radios, newspapers for information.
